USDC is a stablecoin, often referred to as a "digital dollar," that combines the power and stability of US Dollars with the speed of the internet. It seeks to provide a stable and reliable form of digital currency that can be used globally.
USDC operates by tokenizing US dollars on multiple blockchain networks. When a user wants to acquire USDC, they send US dollars to the issuing company, Circle, which then uses a smart contract to create an equivalent amount of USDC. This process ensures each USDC token is backed 1:1 by a US dollar held in reserve. These tokens can then be transferred across blockchain networks, utilising smart contracts to facilitate secure and instantaneous transactions.
USDC serves a variety of functions, including acting as a stable store of value, facilitating fast and low-cost cross-border payments, and integrating into DeFi protocols for activities like trading, borrowing, and lending. It is also utilised in on-chain purchases, particularly in NFTs and digital marketplaces, and has been adopted by financial institutions for various payment and settlement purposes. Partnerships, such as those with Pockyt and Algorand, further expand its usability and ecosystem.
USDC was launched in 2018 by CENTRE, a joint venture between Coinbase and Circle. It was created to provide a compliant and stable digital currency fully backed by US dollar-denominated assets. Over time, USDC has grown significantly, becoming the second-largest stablecoin by market capitalization and achieving milestones such as crossing $16 trillion in transaction volume. The coin's evolution includes technological upgrades, entry into multiple blockchain networks, and a strategic emphasis on regulatory compliance and transparency.