Mintlayer is a Layer 2 sidechain for Bitcoin that enables decentralised finance (DeFi) capabilities, including smart contracts, atomic swaps, and decentralised applications (dApps), on the Bitcoin blockchain. Its primary purpose is to build a decentralised financial ecosystem on Bitcoin without compromising security or scalability by leveraging the Bitcoin and Lightning Network.
Mintlayer operates as a Layer 2 sidechain utilising a UTXO ledger model, similar to Bitcoin. It integrates with the Lightning Network for fast and low-cost transactions and employs zero-knowledge proofs (ZK Thunder) for enhanced privacy and scalability. Mintlayer uses atomic swaps powered by Hash Time Locked Contracts (HTLCs) for secure and trustless transactions. The project also features a novel Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus protocol, using Verifiable Random Functions (VRFs) to ensure fairness in block production. Its smart contracts focus on safety and efficiency, employing non-Turing complete scripts.
Mintlayer enables several real-world applications such as the tokenisation of real-world assets into security tokens, particularly in industries like real estate. It serves decentralised finance (DeFi) applications by allowing users access to tools for lending, borrowing, and creating mutual funds while supporting decentralised exchanges (DEXs), token creation, and staking mechanisms. Additionally, Mintlayer facilitates non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and digital art creation without congesting the Bitcoin blockchain, supporting innovative use cases across various sectors including finance and the metaverse.
Mintlayer was founded by Enrico Rubboli in 2020 after he left the cryptocurrency exchange Bitfinex. The company's base is in San Marino, chosen for its favourable blockchain regulations. Since its foundation, Mintlayer has expanded by gathering a team of experts in various fields. Significant milestones include its founding in 2020, development and expansion efforts, and the upcoming release of Version 1.0.0 on January 15th, 2024, which will introduce atomic swaps and enhanced trading functions. The platform employs a UTXO model and non-Turing complete smart contracts, maintaining its presence as a future-proof blockchain solution.