Synapse is a cross-chain interoperability protocol that facilitates secure and seamless data and asset transfer between multiple blockchain networks. It is designed to enable communication and interoperability across various blockchains, supporting the development of cross-chain decentralised applications (dApps), especially in the DeFi sector.
Synapse operates as a cross-chain bridge, enabling asset transfers between various blockchains, including Ethereum, Arbitrum, Avalanche, Polygon, and Fantom. It uses a stableswap algorithm for secure asset transfers and integrates a generalized messaging system for transferring arbitrary data across chains. The protocol employs an optimistic verification process, where transactions are assumed honest by default and can be challenged during an optimistic window if necessary. Validator consensus is achieved using threshold signature schemes (TSS) to ensure security.
Potential use cases for Synapse include cross-chain asset transfers and swaps, development of DeFi platforms like decentralised exchanges, lending platforms, margining systems, and yield aggregators. It also enables cross-chain governance allowing token holders to participate across different chains and facilitates NFT bridging between blockchains as seen in partnerships like that with DeFi Kingdoms.
Synapse originated as a project called Nerve, a fork of Curve Finance, within the Binance Smart Chain ecosystem. Initially a stable swap protocol, it evolved into a comprehensive cross-chain interoperability protocol connecting more than 18 networks. Notable achievements include successfully bridging over 10,000 NFTs, supporting cross-chain governance for platforms like AAVE, and facilitating significant transaction volumes. Synapse continues to innovate with developments like the Synapse Chain, an Optimistic Rollup of Ethereum designed to host cross-chain applications.